Forging is the external force applied to titanium metal billet (excluding sheet), so that it produces plastic deformation, changes the size, shape and improve the performance, and is used to manufacture mechanical parts, workpieces, tools or blanks. In addition, according to the slider movement mode and the vertical and horizontal movement of the slider (used for forging slender parts, lubricating cooling and forging parts for high-speed production), the use of compensation devices can increase the movement in other directions.
The above methods are different, and the required forging force, process, material utilization, yield, dimensional tolerance and lubrication and cooling methods are different, which are also factors that affect the level of automation. According to the movement of the billet, forging can be divided into free forging, upsetting, extrusion, die forging, closed die forging, closed heading forging. Closed die forging and closed heading forging because there is no flash, the material utilization rate is high. It is possible to finish complex forgings with one process or several processes. Since there is no flash, the forgings have a reduced force area and the required load is also reduced. However, it should be noted that the blank can not be completely limited, so it is necessary to strictly control the volume of the blank, control the relative position of the forging die and measure the forging die, and strive to reduce the wear of the forging die. According to the movement mode of forging die, forging can be divided into swing forging, swing forging, roll forging, cross wedge rolling, ring rolling and diagonal rolling. Swing forging, swing forging and ring forging are also available for precision forging. In order to improve the utilization rate of materials, roll forging and cross rolling can be used as the first process of slender materials. Rotary forging, like free forging, is also locally formed, and its advantage is that it can be formed when the forging force is small compared to the forging size. This forging method, including free forging, extends the material from near the die surface to the free surface when processing, therefore, it is difficult to be precise, so the direction of movement of the forging die and the rotary forging sequence are controlled by the computer, and the complex shape and high precision products can be obtained with lower forging force, such as the production of many varieties and large size turbine blades and other forgings.
In order to obtain high accuracy, attention should be paid to prevent overload at the bottom dead center, control speed and mold position. Because these will have an impact on forging tolerances, shape accuracy and forging die life. In addition, in order to maintain accuracy, attention should also be paid to adjusting the gap and stiffness of the slide guide rail, adjusting the bottom dead center and using the auxiliary transmission device. Titanium forging materials are mainly pure titanium and titanium alloy of various components, and the original state of the material has bars, ingots, metal powder and liquid metal. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation to the cross-sectional area after deformation is called the forging ratio. The correct choice of forging ratio, reasonable heating temperature and holding time, reasonable initial forging temperature and final forging temperature, reasonable deformation amount and deformation speed have great relations to improve product quality and reduce cost. Generally, small and medium-sized forgings use round or square bar material as blank. The grain structure and mechanical properties of the bar are uniform and good, the shape and size are accurate, the surface quality is good, and it is easy to organize mass production. As long as the heating temperature and deformation conditions are reasonably controlled, no large forging deformation is required to forge good forgings.